Before a purchase or loan, an examiner reviews public records to confirm the seller’s ownership and to identify liens, easements, or other matters affecting the property. That review is a title search. It forms the basis for title insurance and closing.

The search covers deeds, mortgages, judgments, tax records, probate files, and survey information. The examiner produces a report or abstract summarizing the findings. Curative work then addresses any problems that must be resolved before closing.

A thorough search reduces the chance of post-closing surprises. It cannot guarantee perfection; some defects lie outside the recorded chain. That residual risk is why title insurance exists. In complex or older properties, title searches can uncover long-forgotten issues that require creative solutions.

• Examination of public records affecting ownership
• Identifies liens, easements, and defects
• Foundation for title insurance and closing
• May require curative actions before transfer