Prosocial behavior is positive, constructive, helpful action intended to benefit others. It includes helping, sharing, cooperating, and comforting.

The behavior appears early in development; young children spontaneously offer help and share resources under certain conditions. Motives range from genuine empathy and concern for others to the desire for social approval or the avoidance of guilt. Situational factors strongly influence whether prosocial action occurs: the presence of others can diffuse responsibility, while clear need, perceived similarity, and low personal cost increase the likelihood of helping.

Observational learning plays a major role. Children who see models act prosocially are more likely to do the same. Cultural norms, parenting practices, and educational programs that emphasize cooperation and empathy can strengthen prosocial tendencies. In adulthood, volunteer work, charitable giving, and everyday acts of consideration all fall under the same broad category.

When one person acts to benefit another without immediate personal gain, prosocial behavior is on display.