A person who owns or manages a farm and cultivates land.
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A farmer is a person who owns, manages, or works on a farm, cultivating crops and raising livestock for food, fibre, or other products. Farmers may be landowners, tenants, sharecroppers, or labourers, and their work spans planting, irrigation, fertilisation, pest management, harvesting, and marketing. Agriculture employs roughly 27 percent of the global workforce, with the highest shares in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Farming is diverse: smallholders, pastoralists, dairy farmers, orchardists, vineyard managers, and industrial crop producers all fall under the term. Farmers face risks from weather, pests, price volatility, and policy changes, and often operate on thin margins. They are increasingly called upon to adopt sustainable practices, use digital tools, and adapt to climate change. The image of the farmer is culturally powerful, symbolising hard work, independence, and connection to the land, and is celebrated in harvest festivals and rural traditions worldwide.
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