Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes in society. It ranks people by wealth, power, and status. It is not just inequality. It is structured inequality that persists across generations. Caste, estate, and class systems are different forms of stratification.

In caste systems, mobility is nearly impossible. In class systems, mobility is possible but limited. In all systems, the hierarchy shapes life chances: health, education, marriage, and even how long you live. The higher your stratum, the better your odds.

Dimensions of stratification

• Wealth: assets, savings, inheritance
• Power: political influence and authority
• Status: prestige and social honor
• Education: credentials and cultural capital

Stratification is legitimated by ideology. The rich are said to deserve their wealth. The poor are blamed for their poverty. But sociologists show that structures, not just individual effort, determine outcomes. Stratification is not natural. It is produced and maintained by institutions.