A sudden twist forces a joint beyond its normal range and stretches or tears ligaments. That injury is a sprain. Ankles and knees are the most commonly affected sites in sport.

Severity ranges from mild stretching to complete ligament rupture. Swelling, bruising, pain, and instability appear quickly. Immediate care focuses on protection, rest, and controlling swelling. Diagnosis may require clinical tests and imaging to rule out fracture or more complex damage.

Rehabilitation restores range, strength, and proprioception before return to sport. Incomplete recovery raises the risk of recurrent sprains. Preventive strategies include neuromuscular training, appropriate footwear, and awareness of fatigue. A simple sprain can sideline an athlete for weeks if mismanaged.

The difference between a minor sprain and a major ligament injury is not always obvious at first glance.