An organism whose genetic material has been altered by biotechnology is called a genetically modified organism, or GMO. The change is usually introduced through recombinant DNA techniques rather than traditional breeding. The modification may confer herbicide tolerance, pest resistance, or the ability to produce a pharmaceutical protein.

Most commercial GMOs are crop plants such as soy, corn, and cotton. Microorganisms engineered to produce insulin or enzymes are also widely used. Animals have been modified for research and, in limited cases, for food production.

Regulatory agencies evaluate safety for food, feed, and the environment before approval. Scientific consensus holds that approved GMOs are as safe as conventional counterparts, yet public debate continues. Labeling policies vary by country. The technology continues to advance with more precise editing methods.

• Organism with deliberately altered DNA
• Created using biotechnology methods
• Common in agriculture and biomanufacturing
• Subject to safety and regulatory review