A mob is a disorderly and potentially violent crowd. It forms quickly, often around a perceived injustice or threat. Unlike a riot, which may have some organization, a mob is more spontaneous and emotionally charged. The line between crowd, mob, and riot is blurry, and sociologists use the terms carefully.

Mobs can be terrifying. Lynch mobs in the American South terrorized Black communities for decades. Mobs have attacked immigrants, religious minorities, and political opponents throughout history. But not all mobs are violent. A mob can also form around a celebrity or a sports victory, causing property damage without intent to harm.

Characteristics

• Sudden formation with little planning
• Shared emotion, often fear or anger
• Loss of individual inhibition
• Potential for violence and property damage
• Short duration, often dissolving within hours

Police response varies. Some departments use negotiation and containment. Others use tear gas and mass arrest. The choice affects whether a mob disperses or escalates.