The middle class is the social class between the upper and working classes. It is defined by income, education, occupation, and lifestyle. Sociologists often split it into lower-middle and upper-middle. Teachers, nurses, managers, small business owners, and office workers typically fall into this broad category.

The middle class is not just about money. It is about security, aspiration, and status. Middle-class families tend to value education, homeownership, and delayed gratification. They have some savings, some autonomy at work, and some political influence. But the middle class is shrinking in many countries.

Markers of middle-class status

• Stable employment with benefits
• Homeownership or long-term rental security
• Post-secondary education
• Discretionary income for travel and leisure
• Access to healthcare and retirement savings

In the U.S., the middle class peaked in the 1970s. Wages stagnated, costs rose, and two incomes became necessary to maintain the same standard. Many people who consider themselves middle class are one medical emergency away from debt.