Ligaments stretch only so far before they tear. A sprain is an injury in which a ligament is stretched or torn, usually by a sudden twist or force that forces a joint beyond its normal range.

Ankle sprains are the most common; wrist, knee, and finger sprains also occur frequently. Severity ranges from microscopic fiber damage to complete rupture. Pain, swelling, bruising, and instability appear quickly. Diagnosis is clinical, with imaging used when fracture or complete tear is suspected.

Initial care follows protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Early guided mobilization often improves recovery compared with prolonged immobilization. Severe sprains may need bracing or surgery. Inadequate rehabilitation predisposes to recurrent injury.

• Stretch or tear of a ligament
• Caused by sudden force beyond normal joint range
• Produces pain, swelling, and variable instability
• Treated with protection, early motion, and rehabilitation