A sudden, illegal seizure of governmental power by a small group, usually involving the military or security forces, is a coup d’état. The plotters displace the existing leadership without a popular election or constitutional transfer.

Coups often occur in the name of restoring order, fighting corruption, or saving the nation. They may be relatively bloodless or accompanied by significant violence. Success depends on controlling communications, key military units, and the capital. International reactions range from condemnation and sanctions to quiet acceptance.

Some coups install long-lasting military regimes; others fail within hours or days. Repeated coups undermine institutional development and civilian control of the armed forces. Prevention strategies include professional military education, diversified security forces, and robust civilian institutions that reduce the perceived need or opportunity for intervention.

• Illegal seizure of power by a small group
• Typically involves military or security forces
• Bypasses constitutional succession
• Varies from swift success to rapid failure