False statements can destroy reputations. Defamation is the communication of a false statement of fact that harms another person’s reputation. When the statement is written or published it is called libel; when spoken it is called slander.

Journalists face defamation risk whenever they report accusations or damaging claims. Truth is ordinarily a complete defense. In many jurisdictions public figures must also prove actual malice—knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard for the truth—to prevail. Careful sourcing, fair comment, and prompt corrections reduce exposure.

Newsrooms train staff to distinguish allegations from proven facts and to seek responses from those criticized. Legal review is common for high-risk stories. The law attempts to balance protection of reputation with the public interest in robust reporting on matters of concern.

• False statement harming reputation
• Libel when published, slander when spoken
• Truth and lack of malice are key defenses
• Managed through careful sourcing and review