Not every crime is a felony. A misdemeanor is a lesser criminal offense, typically punishable by fine, probation, or jail time of one year or less.

Common examples include petty theft, simple assault, and certain traffic or regulatory offenses. Procedures may be simplified compared with felony cases, though defendants still retain basic rights. A misdemeanor conviction creates a criminal record that can affect employment and licensing, even if less severely than a felony.

Legislatures classify offenses and sometimes allow enhancement of repeated misdemeanors into more serious charges. Prosecutors exercise discretion in charging and plea offers. Understanding the distinction helps defendants assess exposure and collateral consequences.

• Lesser crime with limited maximum punishment
• Often handled through simplified procedures
• Still creates a criminal record
• Defined by statute relative to felonies