The cultivation and management of trees, shrubs, and vines.
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Arboriculture is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants, distinct from forestry, which manages tree populations at the stand or forest level. The term derives from the Latin arbor ('tree') and cultura ('cultivation'). Arboriculture focuses on tree health, structure, safety, and aesthetics in urban, residential, and agricultural settings. Practitioners, called arborists, assess tree risk, prune for form and clearance, treat pests and diseases, and advise on species selection and planting. Key techniques include crown thinning, deadwood removal, cabling and bracing, root management, and transplanting. The profession grew in the 19th and 20th centuries alongside urban parks and street-tree programmes; professional bodies include the International Society of Arboriculture (founded 1924) and the Arboricultural Association in the UK. In agriculture, arboriculture overlaps with orchard management, shade-tree culture in coffee and cocoa, and the management of windbreaks, riparian buffers, and heritage trees.
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