信使RNA — 遺傳學

📨 信使RNA

攜帶遺傳訊息從DNA傳遞到核醣體的RNA。

基因中的訊息必須從細胞核傳遞到蛋白質合成機制。信使RNA（mRNA）是攜帶編碼序列的中間分子。它是由DNA轉錄而來，經過加工處理後，由核醣體翻譯。

真核生物的mRNA在5′端加上5′帽和poly-A尾，並經過剪接去除內含子。成熟的mRNA包含一個連續的開放閱讀框。其豐度和半衰期有助於控制蛋白質的產量。

現代疫苗和療法利用合成的mRNA來引導細胞製造特定的蛋白質。研究人員透過測量mRNA水平來確定哪些基因處於活躍狀態。這種分子雖然短暫存在，卻是遺傳訊息傳遞的關鍵環節。

Comments (3)

Dr. Ellen K. August 30, 2026

mRNA vaccines put this molecule in the spotlight but mRNA has been studied for decades. The COVID vaccines were built on years of prior research.
Phil N. June 5, 2026

So mRNA is basically a copy of DNA instructions that gets sent to the ribosome? The article explains it well.
Sara J. January 28, 2026

The fact that mRNA is transient is important. It delivers the message and then degrades. It doesn't stick around.