The piano is a keyboard instrument whose sound is produced by felt-covered hammers striking strings. The player controls dynamics and expression by the weight and speed of the key attack and by the use of pedals that sustain or soften the sound.

Its wide range, polyphonic capability, and dynamic flexibility have made the piano the central instrument of Western music education and a primary tool for composers. Solo repertoire, chamber music, concertos, and accompaniment all rely heavily on the piano. The modern instrument evolved from earlier keyboard instruments through the work of makers such as Cristofori, Steinway, and others.

Technique involves independent finger control, arm weight, and careful pedaling. The same instrument can whisper or roar, supporting intimate songs or competing with a full orchestra. Digital pianos and electric pianos extend the instrument’s presence into popular and electronic music.

For many musicians the piano remains the most practical way to explore harmony and large-scale musical thought.