A transparent-roofed enclosure low to the ground protecting plants from cold.
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A cold frame is a low, transparent-roofed enclosure built close to the ground to protect plants from cold, wind, and excessive rain. It typically consists of a wooden, brick, or metal frame with a hinged glass or polycarbonate lid, oriented to catch winter sunlight, usually facing south in the Northern Hemisphere. Cold frames extend the growing season by trapping solar heat and shielding seedlings, lettuce, herbs, and hardy vegetables from frost. They are used for hardening off transplants, overwintering tender perennials, rooting cuttings, and growing winter salads. Unlike greenhouses, cold frames rely on passive solar gain and have no artificial heating or ventilation systems, though the lid must be propped open on warm days to prevent overheating. The design dates to 17th-century Europe and remains a low-cost tool for home gardeners and small-scale growers. Modern versions include self-venting automatic openers and double-walled polycarbonate glazing.
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