In human sexual response, the refractory period is the interval after orgasm during which a man is physiologically unable to achieve another erection or orgasm. The length varies widely—from minutes in young men to hours or longer with age. Women do not experience a comparable absolute barrier, though subjective interest may decline temporarily.

The mechanism is not fully mapped. Prolactin release after orgasm is one candidate; neural and vascular recovery also play roles. Psychological factors, novelty, and individual differences further modulate the duration. The period is distinct from simple fatigue; attempts at stimulation during the absolute phase typically produce no erectile response.

The term is borrowed from the neuronal refractory period, reflecting the shared idea of a temporary recovery window. In sex research it remains a descriptive rather than explanatory label.

• Post-orgasm interval in males
• Variable duration with age and individual factors
• No equivalent absolute barrier in females
• Distinct from general physical fatigue

Clinical interest focuses on conditions that abnormally prolong or shorten the interval.