Police cannot detain people at will. An arrest is the seizure of a person based on probable cause to believe they have committed a crime, taking them into custody so they may answer charges.

An arrest may occur with a warrant issued by a judge or, in many situations, without a warrant when officers personally develop probable cause. The arrested person must be advised of certain rights in jurisdictions that require it and must be brought before a court within a limited time. Force used to effect an arrest must remain reasonable.

An arrest starts the formal criminal process but does not itself prove guilt. Unlawful arrests can lead to suppression of evidence or civil claims. The distinction between a brief investigatory stop and a full arrest turns on the degree of restraint and the officer’s intent.

• Taking a person into custody on probable cause
• May be with or without a warrant
• Triggers prompt court appearance requirements
• Does not establish guilt by itself