🐐Silvopasture

The practice of combining trees, forage, and grazing animals.

🟤Soil

The natural medium of minerals, organic matter, and organisms in which crops grow.

🌱Soil fertility

The capacity of soil to supply nutrients for plant growth.

🦠Soil organism

Any living creature in the soil contributing to its health.

🧪Soil pH

A measure of soil acidity or alkalinity affecting nutrient availability.

📊Soil profile

A vertical cross-section of soil showing its distinct layers.

🧱Soil structure

The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates or clumps.

🧫Soil test

An analysis of soil to determine nutrient levels and pH.

🟤Soil texture

The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in soil.

🌾Sorghum

A drought-tolerant cereal grain grown in warm regions.

🌰Sowing

The act of planting seeds in the soil for germination and growth.

🌸Spring

The season of planting and renewal for many crops.

🚿Sprinkler

A device that sprays water over crops to irrigate them.

🚿Sprinkler irrigation

A method of applying water to crops in a spray, like rainfall.

⛰️Subsoil

The layer of soil beneath the topsoil, lower in organic matter.

☀️Summer

The warm growing season when many crops mature.

🐖Swine

Domesticated pigs raised for pork and other products.

🏔️Terrace farming

Growing crops on stepped levels cut into hillsides to reduce erosion.

🌡️Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature in agriculture.

🌾Threshing

The process of separating grain from the stalks and husks.

🔧Tile drainage

An underground system of pipes removing excess water from soil.

🪓Tillage

The preparation of soil by digging, stirring, or overturning.

🟤Topsoil

The uppermost layer of soil, richest in organic matter and nutrients.

🪴Transplanting

The act of moving a plant from one growing location to another.

🍇Vineyard

A plantation of grapevines cultivated for wine or table grapes.

🍇Viticulture

The cultivation and harvesting of grapes, especially for wine.

💧Water table

The upper level at which soil is saturated with groundwater.

🏞️Watershed

An area of land where all water drains to a common outlet.

📡Weather station

A facility that records meteorological data for farm decisions.

🌿Weed

An unwanted plant growing where it competes with crops.