🧬DNA

The molecule that carries genetic instructions for life.

🔢DNA Sequencing

The process of determining the exact order of nucleotides in DNA.

⬇️Downstream Processing

The purification and isolation of products after bioproduction.

🔬ELISA

An assay that detects proteins or antibodies using enzyme-linked reactions.

⚗️Enzyme

A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions in living organisms.

🍺Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol.

🌊Flow Cytometry

A method that analyzes and sorts cells based on physical properties.

⚡Gel Electrophoresis

A method that separates DNA or proteins by size in a gel.

🔤Gene

A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product.

📋Gene Cloning

Producing multiple copies of a specific gene in a host organism.

💉Gene Therapy

A treatment that introduces or modifies genes to correct disease.

🛠️Genetic Engineering

The deliberate modification of an organism's genetic material.

🌱Genetically Modified Organism

An organism whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology.

📚Genome

The complete set of genetic material in an organism.

🧬Genomics

The study of entire genomes and their functions.

✅Good Manufacturing Practice

Regulations ensuring consistent quality in pharmaceutical production.

🏭Industrial Biotechnology

The use of biological systems to produce industrial products and chemicals.

💡Intellectual Property

Legal rights protecting inventions and discoveries in biotechnology.

🔬Lab-on-a-Chip

A miniaturized device that performs laboratory functions on a small scale.

🔗Ligase

An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together.

⚗️Metabolomics

The large-scale study of small molecules and metabolic products.

🧫Microarray

A chip-based tool that measures the expression of thousands of genes.

💧Microfluidics

The manipulation of small volumes of fluids in miniature channels.

🔬Microorganism

An organism too small to be seen without a microscope.

🔬Molecular Diagnostics

Diagnostic testing that analyzes DNA, RNA, or proteins.

🎯Monoclonal Antibody

Identical antibodies produced from a single cell line for targeted therapy.

📨mRNA Vaccine

A vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce antigens.

📄Patent

A legal right granting exclusive use of an invention for a period.

🫀Personalized Medicine

Tailoring medical treatment to an individual's genetic and clinical profile.

💊Pharmacogenomics

The study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs.