Old claims become unreliable and disruptive. A statute of limitations is a law that sets the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated.

Time limits vary by claim type—shorter for some torts and longer for written contracts or certain rights under seal. Accrual rules determine when the clock starts, sometimes delayed until discovery of the injury. Tolling doctrines pause the clock for minors, concealment, or other specified reasons.

Missing the deadline usually bars the claim permanently, regardless of merit. Defendants raise the statute as an affirmative defense. Plaintiffs must investigate promptly and file before expiration. Knowing the applicable period is among the first tasks in case assessment.

• Legal deadline for commencing a claim
• Varies by type of cause of action
• Subject to accrual and tolling rules
• Typically bars untimely suits completely