🧠 จิตวิทยา AP
คำศัพท์และแนวคิดสำคัญสำหรับหลักสูตรจิตวิทยา AP
🧪Neurotransmitter
A chemical that transmits signals across a synapse.
⚡Norepinephrine
A neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal.
🔔Normal Curve
A bell-shaped distribution with most scores near the mean.
🔔Normal Curve
The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.
👀Observational Learning
Learning by observing others.
👁️Occipital Lobe
Processes visual information.
1️⃣One-Word Stage
The stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
📦Operant Chamber
A box used to study operant conditioning, also called a Skinner box.
🎮Operant Conditioning
Learning by consequences.
📏Operational Definition
A precise description of how a variable is measured in research.
⚫Opponent-Process Theory
The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision.
🔌Optic Nerve
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
🚫Ostracism
Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups.
💪Overconfidence
The tendency to be more confident than correct.
🧠Parallel Processing
Processing many aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
👻Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomena.
🧘Parasympathetic Nervous System
The division that calms the body after stress.
✋Parietal Lobe
Processes touch and spatial information.
🎰Partial Reinforcement
Reinforcing a response only part of the time.
🧠Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
🔄Perceptual Constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image.
🎯Perceptual Set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
🕸️Peripheral Nervous System
The sensory and motor neurons outside the brain and spinal cord.
🔬PET Scan
A visual display of brain activity using radioactive glucose.
🔊Phoneme
The smallest distinctive sound unit.
🎵Pitch
A tone's highness or lowness, depends on frequency.
👑Pituitary Gland
The master gland that controls other endocrine glands.
📍Place Theory
The theory that links pitch with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated.
💊Placebo
An inert substance given as if it were a real treatment.
🔄Plasticity
The brain's ability to reorganize after damage.