🧠 จิตวิทยา AP
คำศัพท์และแนวคิดสำคัญสำหรับหลักสูตรจิตวิทยา AP
📝Stanford-Binet
The widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test.
📊Statistical Significance
The likelihood that a result is not due to chance.
⚠️Stereotype Threat
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
⚡Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
💾Storage
The retention of encoded information over time.
😰Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
👻Subliminal
Below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
⚡Sympathetic Nervous System
The division that arouses the body in stressful situations.
🔗Synapse
The junction between two neurons.
🔤Syntax
The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.
👅Taste
The sense of flavor, including sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
📨Telegraphic Speech
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram.
👂Temporal Lobe
Processes auditory information and memory.
🤝Tend-and-Befriend Response
Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others.
📡Thalamus
The brain's sensory switchboard.
📉Tolerance
The diminishing effect of a drug after repeated use.
⬇️Top-Down Processing
Analysis guided by higher-level mental processes.
✋Touch
The sense of pressure, warmth, cold, and pain.
🔄Transduction
Conversion of one form of energy into another.
🏷️Two-Factor Theory
The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
2️⃣Two-Word Stage
The stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.
😠Type A
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
😌Type B
Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people.
😋Unconditioned Response
An unlearned, naturally occurring response.
💧Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
✅Validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
🎯Variable-Interval Schedule
Reinforcing the first response after varying time intervals.
🎲Variable-Ratio Schedule
Reinforcing after an unpredictable number of responses.
🤸Vestibular Sense
The sense of body orientation and balance.
🪜Visual Cliff
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants.