🧠 จิตวิทยา AP
คำศัพท์และแนวคิดสำคัญสำหรับหลักสูตรจิตวิทยา AP
🔢Correlation Coefficient
A number between -1 and 1 measuring the strength of a correlation.
⏳Critical Period
An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development.
🩻CT Scan
A series of X-ray photographs of the brain.
🌿Dendrite
A branch of a neuron that receives signals.
📊Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured in an experiment.
😴Depressants
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
👁️Depth Perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions.
📏Difference Threshold
The minimum difference between two stimuli that can be detected.
🎯Discrimination
The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli.
🚦Discriminative Stimulus
A stimulus that signals when a response will be reinforced.
🎯Dopamine
A neurotransmitter linked to reward, motivation, and movement.
🧬Down Syndrome
A condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome.
🎯Drive-Reduction Theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
👂Echoic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.
📈EEG
Electroencephalogram, a recording of brain waves.
💪Effortful Processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
😊Emotion
A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
🧘Emotion-Focused Coping
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor.
❤️Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
📝Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system.
🧪Endocrine System
The body's slow chemical communication system using hormones.
💊Endorphins
Natural painkillers produced by the body.
🧪Experimental Group
The group in an experiment that receives the treatment.
📖Explicit Memory
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.
📉Extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response.
🔮Extrasensory Perception
The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input.
🏆Extrinsic Motivation
A desire to perform a behavior for external rewards.
😊Facial Feedback Effect
The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings.
📊Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items.
🔍Feature Detectors
Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features.