🧠 จิตวิทยา AP
คำศัพท์และแนวคิดสำคัญสำหรับหลักสูตรจิตวิทยา AP
⚡Reticular Formation
A nerve network in the brainstem controlling arousal.
👁️Retina
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye.
👀Retinal Disparity
A binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the two eyes.
🔍Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory.
⏩Retroactive Interference
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
⚪Rods
Retinal receptors detecting black, white, and gray.
🌟Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill.
💬Semantic Encoding
The encoding of meaning.
💬Semantics
The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences.
👁️Sensation
The process of detecting physical energy from the environment.
🔇Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve.
📉Sensory Adaptation
Diminished sensitivity with constant stimulation.
👁️Sensory Memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information.
📋Serial Position Effect
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list best.
😊Serotonin
A neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, and sleep.
⚖️Set Point
The point at which an individual's weight thermostat is supposedly set.
🌈Sexual Orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex.
💞Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson.
📐Shaping
Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior.
⏳Short-Term Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly.
📡Signal Detection Theory
A theory predicting how and when we detect faint stimuli.
😮💨Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder causing breathing interruptions.
👃Smell
The sense of odor.
✋Somatosensory Cortex
Registers and processes body touch and movement.
❓Source Amnesia
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced.
📅Spacing Effect
The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention.
🧠Split Brain
A condition where the corpus callosum is severed.
🔄Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause.
📉Standard Deviation
A measure of how spread out numbers are from the mean.
📏Standardization
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.