A keyboard is a set of levers or keys arranged so that pressing them produces different pitches. The most familiar layout has white and black keys corresponding to the notes of the chromatic scale. Pianos, organs, harpsichords, and electronic synthesizers all use versions of this interface.

The keyboard allows a single player to control many notes at once, making it ideal for both melodic and harmonic music. Technique involves independent control of the fingers, careful attention to weight and touch, and, on some instruments, use of the feet on pedals.

Different keyboard instruments produce sound by distinct means—hammers striking strings, air flowing through pipes, or electronic oscillators—yet the basic spatial arrangement of the keys remains similar. This consistency lets a pianist transfer skills to other keyboard instruments with relative ease.

For many musicians the keyboard is the primary tool for learning harmony and composing.