Ships exist to move goods. Cargo is the freight carried by a vessel—containers, bulk commodities, vehicles, liquid products, or general break-bulk—owned by shippers and consignees rather than by the carrier.

Cargo type determines ship design, handling equipment, stowage rules, and safety precautions. Hazardous cargo requires special documentation and segregation. Weight distribution affects stability and hull stress, so loading plans are calculated carefully.

Responsibility for cargo shifts according to the contract of carriage and the stage of the voyage. Damage, shortage, or delay can generate claims under the bill of lading. Accurate description and careful handling protect both the goods and the carrier’s interests.

• Goods transported by ship
• Includes containers, bulk, liquid, and break-bulk
• Influences ship design and handling methods
• Subject to contracts, claims, and safety rules