Semantics is the set of rules and conventions by which meaning is derived from morphemes, words, and sentences. It is concerned with what words and sentences mean, as opposed to syntax, which is concerned with their grammatical structure.

Semantic knowledge includes word meanings, the relationships between words (synonyms, antonyms, categories), and how meaning changes with context. Semantic memory is the store of general knowledge and facts, distinct from episodic memory of personal experiences. Semantic development in children involves learning that words refer to categories and objects in the world, and that meaning can be extended metaphorically.

Key points

• Study of meaning in language
• Includes word meanings and relationships
• Distinct from syntax (structure)
• Semantic memory stores general knowledge