🔢Richter Scale

A logarithmic scale measuring earthquake magnitude.

🪨Rock

A naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineral-like material.

🔄Rock Cycle

The continuous transformation of rock among igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types.

🏜️Sand Dune

A mound of sand formed by wind action.

🪨Sediment

Material deposited by water, wind, or ice.

🪨Sedimentary Rock

Rock formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment.

🪨Sedimentation

The process by which sediment settles out of suspension.

📳Seismic Wave

A wave of energy traveling through Earth from an earthquake.

📈Seismograph

An instrument that records the intensity of earthquakes.

📊Seismology

The scientific study of earthquakes and seismic waves.

🪨Stalactite

A mineral formation hanging from a cave ceiling.

🪨Stalagmite

A mineral formation rising from a cave floor.

🧱Strata

Layers of sedimentary rock or soil.

📚Stratigraphy

The study of rock layers and their chronological order.

⬇️Subduction

The process where one tectonic plate moves under another.

⛰️Topography

The arrangement of natural and artificial features of an area.

🔄Transform Boundary

A plate boundary where plates slide past each other.

🌋Volcano

A mountain that erupts lava, ash, and gases from Earth's interior.

🔬Volcanology

The scientific study of volcanoes and volcanic activity.

📏Water Table

The upper surface of the zone of saturation in the ground.

🌦️Weathering

The breakdown of rocks by physical or chemical processes.