A psychologist gathers information through interviews, tests, and observations to answer a specific question about an individual’s functioning. Psychological assessment is that systematic process of evaluation.

It may address diagnosis, intellectual ability, personality, neuropsychological status, or treatment planning. Good assessment integrates multiple data sources, considers base rates and context, and communicates findings in clear, useful language. Reliability, validity, and fairness of the instruments are essential.

Assessment is not identical with testing; tests are tools within a broader evaluative process. Feedback to the client or referring party is part of the ethical responsibility. In clinical, educational, forensic, and organizational settings, assessment informs high-stakes decisions. When done carefully, it reduces uncertainty and guides effective action.

• Systematic evaluation of psychological functioning
• Uses interviews, tests, and observations
• Answers specific referral questions
• Requires integration and clear communication of findings