After evidence and argument, the fact-finder decides. A verdict is the formal finding by a jury—or by a judge in a bench trial—on the factual issues and liability or guilt in a case.

Criminal verdicts are typically guilty or not guilty; civil verdicts may include liability findings and damage amounts. Special verdicts ask the jury to answer specific factual questions; general verdicts state the overall result. Polling the jury can confirm unanimity or the required majority.

Judges may set aside verdicts that lack evidentiary support or result from legal error, within defined limits. Otherwise the verdict leads to entry of judgment. The moment a verdict is read is often the emotional climax of trial for the parties involved.

• Formal decision of the jury or bench on the case
• Addresses guilt, liability, and sometimes damages
• May be general or special in form
• Leads to entry of judgment if upheld