Every modern state funds its operations through tax, a compulsory charge on income, consumption, or assets. Individuals and businesses pay according to rules set by law, with revenues supporting public services and infrastructure.

Taxes come in many forms. Income tax targets earnings, corporate tax applies to company profits, and sales taxes are levied on purchases. Property and wealth taxes address ownership of assets. Rates and structures vary widely across jurisdictions.

Compliance requires accurate reporting and timely payment. Governments use tax policy to influence behavior—encouraging investment, discouraging harmful activities, or redistributing income. For households and firms alike, tax planning is part of routine financial management.

Main categories

• Income and corporate taxes
• Consumption taxes such as VAT or sales tax
• Property and wealth taxes
• Excise duties on specific goods