Typography is the art of arranging type to make written language readable and appealing. It covers typeface choice, size, line length, line spacing, alignment, and hierarchy. Good typography disappears. Readers absorb the words without noticing the craft. Bad typography trips them up: lines too long, contrast too low, headings that blend into body text.

The field has deep roots. Johannes Gutenberg's movable type in the 15th century standardized letterforms across Europe. In the 20th century, Jan Tschichold and others codified rules for modernist typography. Today, digital typography adds new concerns: screen resolution, responsive sizing, and variable fonts that adjust weight and width on the fly. The tools change, but the goal stays the same. Get the message across without friction.

Core decisions

• Typeface selection for tone and legibility.
• Size hierarchy for headings and body text.
• Line length for comfortable reading.
• Line spacing to control density.

Typography is not decoration. It is the interface between the reader and the written word. When it works, the reader forgets it is there.