Courts and agencies need compulsory process to gather evidence. A subpoena is an official order requiring a person to appear and testify, to produce documents or other items, or both, under penalty for noncompliance.

Parties in litigation obtain subpoenas to compel witnesses and records from third parties. Administrative agencies issue them under statutory authority. Recipients may move to quash or modify unduly burdensome or privileged requests. Proper service and witness fees are often required.

Ignoring a valid subpoena can lead to contempt sanctions. Compliance may involve careful review for privileged material before production. Subpoenas are everyday tools of discovery and investigation, making distant information available to the tribunal.

• Order compelling testimony or production of evidence
• Used in litigation and administrative investigations
• Subject to motions to quash for burden or privilege
• Enforceable through contempt powers