One treatment does not fit every patient. Personalized medicine, also called precision medicine, tailors prevention, diagnosis, and therapy to an individual’s genetic profile, environment, and lifestyle. The goal is to maximize benefit and minimize harm.

Pharmacogenomic testing predicts drug response and adverse reactions. Tumor sequencing identifies actionable mutations that guide targeted cancer therapy. Polygenic risk scores estimate susceptibility to common diseases. Electronic health records increasingly integrate genomic data with clinical information.

Challenges include equitable access, data interpretation, and evidence that genetic information improves outcomes. As sequencing becomes routine, personalized approaches are moving from specialized centers into broader clinical practice. The field continues to expand with better algorithms and more diverse reference data.

• Medical care tailored to individual genetics
• Includes pharmacogenomics and targeted therapy
• Uses genomic and clinical data together
• Aims to improve efficacy and safety