In bicameral legislatures the lower chamber is frequently called the House of Representatives. Seats are usually apportioned by population, so more populous regions elect more members. Terms are often shorter than those in the upper chamber, keeping members closer to electoral pressures.

The House typically initiates revenue legislation and, in presidential systems, may have special powers of impeachment. Party leadership organizes the agenda, and committees process bills before floor consideration. Rules of debate are often more restrictive than in the Senate, reflecting the larger membership.

Because districts are smaller than statewide constituencies, House members are expected to maintain close ties to local interests. Redistricting after each census can alter partisan balance and the personal fortunes of incumbents. The chamber’s majority controls most outcomes, making partisan control of the House a central prize in national elections.

• Lower chamber of a bicameral legislature
• Apportioned by population
• Often initiates money bills
• Members face frequent election