Withdrawal is the set of unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using or reduces an addictive drug. Symptoms are usually opposite to the drug's effects: stopping a stimulant causes fatigue and depression, while stopping a depressant can cause anxiety, tremors, and seizures.

Withdrawal can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening complications, particularly for alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates. It reflects the nervous system's attempt to rebalance after prolonged drug exposure. Medically supervised detoxification is often necessary for severe cases.

Common symptoms

• Anxiety, irritability, and mood swings
• Nausea, sweating, and tremors
• Insomnia and fatigue
• Craving for the substance
• In severe cases, seizures or delirium tremens