⚡Neuron

A specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system.

💊Neuropharmacology

The study of how drugs affect the nervous system.

⚡Neurophysiology

The study of the functions of the nervous system.

🔄Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize by forming new neural connections.

🧪Neurotransmitter

A chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse.

🚨Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness.

👁️Occipital Lobe

The brain region responsible for processing visual information.

🧴Oligodendrocyte

A glial cell that produces myelin in the central nervous system.

🎁Operant Conditioning

Learning by associating behavior with rewards or punishments.

💡Optogenetics

Using light to control neurons genetically modified to be light-sensitive.

😌Parasympathetic Nervous System

The division promoting rest and digestion.

📍Parietal Lobe

The brain region processing sensory information and spatial awareness.

🤝Parkinson's Disease

A neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and coordination.

👁️Perception

The interpretation of sensory information by the brain.

🌐Peripheral Nervous System

The nerves outside the brain and spinal cord connecting to the body.

☢️Positron Emission Tomography

A imaging technique measuring metabolic activity in the brain.

➖Punishment

A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

🔙Recall

The retrieval of information from memory.

📡Receptor

A protein that detects chemical or physical stimuli.

👁️Recognition

Identifying previously encountered information.

🦵Reflex

An automatic involuntary response to a stimulus.

⏳Refractory Period

A brief time after firing when a neuron cannot fire again.

➕Reinforcement

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior.

🔋Resting Potential

The electrical charge of a neuron when not firing.

🎁Reward System

Brain circuits that mediate pleasure and reinforcement.

👁️Sensory Neuron

A neuron that carries signals from sensory organs to the brain.

😊Serotonin

A neurotransmitter regulating mood, sleep, and appetite.

⏳Short-Term Memory

The capacity to hold a small amount of information briefly.

📌Single-Unit Recording

Measuring electrical activity of individual neurons.

🔋Sodium-Potassium Pump

A protein that maintains ion gradients across neuronal membranes.