Some commodities travel best without packaging. Bulk cargo consists of unpackaged goods moved in large homogeneous quantities, typically poured, pumped, or shoveled into holds or tanks.

Dry bulk includes grain, coal, ore, and cement; liquid bulk covers crude oil, chemicals, and edible oils. Specialized ships, railcars, and trucks are designed around the flow characteristics of each commodity. Contamination, moisture, and residue management are constant operational concerns.

Loading and discharge rely on conveyors, grabs, pumps, or pneumatic systems rather than unit handling. Freight contracts often specify demurrage and despatch terms because vessel time at berth is expensive. Bulk trades form the backbone of global commodity markets.

• Unpackaged goods moved in large homogeneous volumes
• Includes dry bulk and liquid bulk commodities
• Requires specialized ships, railcars, or trucks
• Handled by continuous loading and discharge equipment