A layer of material spread over the soil surface is called mulch. It moderates soil temperature, reduces evaporation, suppresses weeds, and eventually breaks down to feed the soil. Organic mulches such as wood chips, bark, straw, and compost are the most common; inorganic options include gravel and landscape fabric.

Apply mulch after the soil has warmed in spring and plants are established. Keep it a few centimeters away from stems to avoid rot. Thickness of five to eight centimeters is usually sufficient. Replenish organic mulches as they decompose.

Mulch is one of the simplest ways to improve garden health. It reduces the need for watering and weeding while protecting soil structure from heavy rain. Choosing the right material for the plants and the desired look completes the effect.

• Layer of material over soil surface
• Retains moisture and suppresses weeds
• Can be organic or inorganic
• Improves soil as it breaks down