Fabric is the material made from fibers, used to create clothing and other textiles. It is woven, knitted, or otherwise bonded. The structure determines how it behaves. Woven fabrics have lengthwise and crosswise threads that interlace. They are stable and hold shape. Knitted fabrics are made from interlocking loops. They stretch and drape. Non-woven fabrics, like felt, are bonded by heat, chemicals, or pressure.

Natural fibers come from plants and animals. Cotton is soft and breathable. Linen is cool and wrinkles easily. Wool is warm and resilient. Silk is smooth and strong. Synthetic fibers include polyester, nylon, acrylic, and spandex. They are durable, cheap, and often wrinkle-resistant, but they can feel less breathable and shed microplastics. Blends combine fibers to balance properties. A cotton-polyester mix is more durable than pure cotton and cheaper than pure polyester.

Choosing fabric is central to design. A structured wool makes a sharp blazer. A fluid silk makes a draped dress. A stretch knit makes leggings. The same pattern sewn in different fabrics produces completely different garments. Weight, drape, stretch, and care requirements all influence the final product. Understanding fabric is essential for anyone designing, sewing, or buying clothing with intention.

Common types

• Cotton
• Linen
• Wool
• Silk
• Polyester and blends