Energy conservation means using less energy. It is about behavior as much as technology. Turning off lights, lowering the thermostat, driving less, and buying fewer things all count. The goal is to reduce demand rather than supply more power.

Conservation differs from efficiency. Efficiency gets the same result with less input. Conservation gets a smaller result or accepts a change in comfort. Both cut energy use. Conservation often costs nothing and can start immediately. Efficiency requires investment in new equipment.

The potential is large. Buildings waste heat through leaky windows. Vehicles idle in traffic. Devices draw power when off. Studies estimate that simple conservation measures could cut household energy use by 10 to 20 percent. At scale, that reduces emissions and delays the need for new power plants.

Everyday actions

• Adjusting thermostats
• Turning off unused lights and devices
• Using cold water for laundry
• Walking, cycling, or taking transit
• Reducing, reusing, and repairing