When kidneys can no longer filter the blood, machines take over part of the work. Dialysis is a treatment that removes waste products, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the blood when native kidney function is critically reduced.

Hemodialysis circulates blood through an extracorporeal filter several times a week. Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane inside the abdomen as the filter and can be performed at home. Both methods require access—a fistula, graft, catheter, or peritoneal tube—and careful monitoring of diet, fluids, and medications.

Dialysis sustains life but does not fully replace kidney function. Transplantation remains the preferred long-term option for suitable candidates. Shared decision-making helps patients choose modality and, when appropriate, supportive care without dialysis.

• Artificial filtration of blood when kidneys fail
• Performed as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis
• Requires durable access and ongoing monitoring
• Bridges to transplant or provides long-term support