Jeans are trousers made from denim, a sturdy cotton twill. They are one of the most worn garments in the world. The fabric was developed in Nîmes, France, and the name may come from the French phrase bleu de Gênes, referring to Genoa. Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patented riveted jeans in 1873. The rivets strengthened the pockets for miners and laborers. The garment moved from workwear to fashion over the following century.

Denim is woven with indigo-dyed warp threads and white weft threads. That structure gives jeans their characteristic look. The indigo fades with wear, creating patterns unique to the owner. Raw denim is unwashed and stiff at first, softening over time. Washed denim is pre-treated for comfort. Selvedge denim is woven on shuttle looms and prized for its tight edge and durability.

Fits are numerous. Skinny, slim, straight, relaxed, bootcut, flare, and wide-leg all describe how the fabric follows the body. Rise matters too: low, mid, high. Stretch versions use elastane for comfort. Traditionalists prefer 100 percent cotton. Care affects longevity. Washing less often preserves color and shape. Cold water and air drying reduce shrinkage. Jeans can last years with proper care.

Common fits

• Skinny and slim
• Straight
• Relaxed
• Bootcut and flare
• Wide-leg and high-rise