Before a contractor can frame walls or run electrical wire, the plans must satisfy the local building code. Building codes set minimum standards for safety, structural integrity, fire protection, plumbing, and energy efficiency.

Codes are adopted by cities and states, often based on model codes such as the International Building Code. Inspectors visit the job site at key stages to verify compliance. Work done without permits or in violation of code can trigger stop-work orders, fines, or forced corrections.

Older buildings may be grandfathered under earlier standards, yet major renovations usually trigger current requirements. Codes evolve as new materials and safety research appear. Owners and builders who ignore them risk both legal liability and practical hazards.

• Minimum legal standards for construction safety
• Enforced through permits and inspections
• Cover structure, fire, electrical, plumbing, and energy
• Updated periodically by local jurisdictions