A player takes a heavy impact to the head, appears briefly dazed, and later reports headache and confusion. That injury is a concussion. It is a traumatic brain injury caused by biomechanical forces.

Symptoms include headache, dizziness, sensitivity to light or noise, memory problems, and sleep disturbance. Loss of consciousness is not required for diagnosis. Recognition on the field is critical; continuing to play after a concussion increases risk of more severe injury. Protocols now mandate immediate removal and medical evaluation.

Recovery follows a gradual return-to-play progression once symptoms resolve. Repeated concussions raise concern about long-term brain health. Education of athletes, coaches, and parents has improved reporting, yet under-reporting remains a challenge. Modern sport continues to adjust rules and equipment to reduce incidence.

• Brain injury from impact or rapid deceleration
• Symptoms affect cognition, balance, and well-being
• Requires immediate removal from play
• Managed with staged return-to-sport protocols