Incision and repair can cure what medicines cannot. Surgery is the branch of medicine that treats disease, injury, or deformity by operative or manual methods, typically involving incision, excision, repair, or manipulation of tissues.

Procedures range from minor outpatient interventions to major operations requiring general anesthesia and intensive postoperative support. Indications must justify the risks of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, and technical complications. Minimally invasive techniques have reduced recovery time for many conditions.

Successful surgery depends on accurate diagnosis, careful preparation, skilled execution, and attentive aftercare. Enhanced recovery protocols standardize nutrition, analgesia, and mobilization. Not every problem needs an operation; knowing when not to operate is part of surgical judgment.

• Treatment by operative or manual intervention
• Ranges from minor procedures to major operations
• Risks balanced against expected benefit
• Requires preparation, skill, and structured recovery