Women’s reproductive health spans decades of life. Gynecology is the medical specialty concerned with the health of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and breasts, outside of pregnancy.

Gynecologists manage menstrual disorders, contraception, infertility, pelvic-floor problems, menopause, and gynecologic cancers. They perform pelvic examinations, ultrasound, minor office procedures, and major surgery. Screening for cervical cancer and counseling on sexual and reproductive health are core activities.

Collaboration with obstetricians covers the continuum from reproductive years through later life. Patient comfort, privacy, and clear communication about sensitive topics are essential. Advances in minimally invasive surgery and medical therapies have reduced the need for open operations for many conditions.

• Specialty focused on the female reproductive system
• Covers menstrual, contraceptive, menopausal, and cancer care
• Combines office practice with surgical skills
• Includes screening and preventive counseling