A shoe is an outer covering for the foot. Its purposes are protection, comfort, and style. Shoes shield the foot from rough ground, cold, heat, and water. They provide cushioning and support for walking, running, and standing. They also signal identity and taste. The shoe is one of the most consumed fashion items in the world.

Types are vast. The sneaker is casual and athletic. The dress shoe is formal, often leather with a slim sole. The boot covers the ankle or higher. The sandal is open. The loafer slips on without laces. The heeled shoe lifts the wearer. The flat is low to the ground. The moccasin is soft leather with a stitched toe. The oxford and derby are lace-up dress shoes distinguished by their lacing systems. Each type has subcategories and variations.

Construction matters. The sole may be cemented, stitched, or welted. Goodyear welted shoes can be resoled and last decades. Cemented shoes are cheaper but harder to repair. The upper may be leather, suede, canvas, or synthetic. Leather molds to the foot and ages well. Synthetic materials are lighter and often waterproof. Fit is essential. Shoes should have room for the toes and a snug heel. A shoe that fits poorly causes blisters and long-term foot problems. Care depends on the material. Leather needs polishing and conditioning. Sneakers can be cleaned with special solutions. Rotating shoes extends their life by letting them dry between wears.

Common types

• Sneaker
• Dress shoe
• Boot
• Sandal
• Loafer and flat