Cancer care has become a distinct and rapidly evolving discipline. Oncology is the branch of medicine devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.

Medical oncologists use systemic therapies including chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and immunotherapy. Radiation oncologists deliver focused radiation. Surgical oncologists remove tumors. Multidisciplinary tumor boards integrate these approaches into individualized plans. Staging, molecular profiling, and performance status guide decisions.

Oncology practice balances likelihood of benefit against toxicity and aligns treatment with patient goals, whether cure, control, or comfort. Survivorship care and palliative care are integral. Research continuously updates standards; participation in trials advances options for future patients.

• Medical specialty focused on cancer
• Integrates medical, radiation, and surgical approaches
• Guided by staging and molecular information
• Includes survivorship and palliative dimensions